Methods of expressing concentration in pharmaceutical analysis

Methods of expressing concentration in pharmaceutical analysis

In pharmaceutical analysis, the concentration of a substance in a sample is typically expressed using different units of measurement depending on the method used for analysis. Some common methods of expressing concentration include:

1. Percentage (%): This is the most common way of expressing concentration in pharmaceutical analysis. It can be expressed as weight/weight (w/w), weight/volume (w/v), or volume/volume (v/v) percentages. For example, a 10% w/v solution of a drug means that 10 grams of the drug are present in 100 mL of solution.
2. Parts per million (ppm): This is a unit of concentration that is used to express very low levels of a substance. It is defined as the mass of the substance in a sample divided by the mass of the sample, multiplied by 10^6. For example, a drug present at a concentration of 5 ppm in a sample means that there are 5 parts of the drug in one million parts of the sample.
3. Parts per billion (ppb): This is another unit of concentration used to express extremely low levels of a substance. It is defined as the mass of the substance in a sample divided by the mass of the sample, multiplied by 10^9. For example, a drug present at a concentration of 2 ppb in a sample means that there are 2 parts of the drug in one billion parts of the sample.
4. Molarity (M): This is a unit of concentration that is used to express the number of moles of a substance per liter of solution. For example, a 0.1 M solution of a drug means that there are 0.1 moles of the drug in one liter of solution.
5. Molality (m): This is a unit of concentration that is used to express the number of moles of a substance per kilogram of solvent. For example, a 0.1 m solution of a drug means that there are 0.1 moles of the drug in one kilogram of solvent.
6. Normality (N): This is a unit of concentration that is used to express the concentration of an acid or base in a solution. It is defined as the number of equivalents of acid or base per liter of solution. For example, a 0.1 N solution of hydrochloric acid means that there are 0.1 equivalents of acid in one liter of solution.

The choice of the appropriate method for expressing concentration will depend on the specific needs of the analysis and the properties of the sample being analyzed.

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-I	F Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I Theory	BP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I Theory	BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I Theory	BP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Theory	BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills Theory	BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial Biology	BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics Theory	BP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology Practical	BP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical	BP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I Practical	BP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

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