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Emulsion: Identification tests : Pharmaceutics Notes PDF Books

The final preparation of both emulsions (o/w or w/o) looks the same in appearance with naked eyes, therefore certain tests are required to differentiate between them. 

  • Miscibility Test
  • Staining Test
  • Electrical Conductivity Test
  • Fluorescence Test
  • Cobalt Chloride Test

Dilution test

  • This test is important to know the solubility of the continuous phase of the emulsion. For example- In O/W emulsion, a dilution test is done to know it’s diluted with water or not.

In this test the emulsion is diluted either with oil or water. 

  • O/W : Stable if Diluted with water, Unstable if Diluted with Oil
  • W/O : Stable if Diluted with Oil, Unstable if Diluted with Water

Conductivity test

  • This test is important to know, which is a good conductor of electricity to find out the continuous phase. For example- In O/W emulsion, water is a continuous phase. Because water is a good conductor of electricity than oil.


Dye Solubility test

  • This test is done by mixing the emulsion with water or an oil-soluble dye, and checked under a microscope to know which is in a continuous phase or dispersed phase.

The emulsion is mixed with a water-soluble dye (amaranth) and observed under the microscope. 

O/W: Continuous phase appears red

W/O: If the scattered globules appear red and continuous phase colourless


Flurorescence test

  • Oils have the property of fluorescence under UV light, while water doesn’t. Therefore, O/W emulsion shows a spotty pattern while W/O emulsion fluoresces.


Cobalt Chloride Test

  • When a filter paper soaked in cobalt chloride solution is dipped in to an emulsion and dried
  • O/W : blue to pink
  • W/O : remains same
  • As humidity increases, cobalt chloride changes colour from sky blue to purple to pink


Biphasic Liquids: Suspension: Definition, advantages, and disadvantages, Classifications, Preparation of suspensions, Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension Emulsions: Definition, Advantages & Disadvantages, Classification, Emulsifying agent, Test for the identification of the type of Emulsion, Methods of preparation, Stability of emulsion


First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-IS Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I TheoryBP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I TheoryBP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I TheoryBP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry TheoryBP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills TheoryBP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial BiologyBP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics TheoryBP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology PracticalBP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I PracticalBP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I PracticalBP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

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B Pharmacy Notes (Subjectwise/Topicwise)

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D Pharmacy Notes (Subjectwise/Topicwise)

  • 1st Year D Pharmacy
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