Table of contents
Pharmacognosy I Theory
UNIT-I
Introduction to Pharmacognosy
(a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and
mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs
Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and sero
taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin
Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,
chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants,
camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.
UNIT-II
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin
Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin
Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants.
Plant hormones and their applications.
Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants
Conservation of medicinal plants
UNIT-III
Plant tissue culture
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements,
growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.
Edible vaccines
UNIT IV
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda,
Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites
Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides,
Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
UNIT V
Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing
following drugs
Plant Products
Fibres – Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation,
evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical
Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primarymetabolites:
Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes : Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain,
serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) : Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
- W.C.Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London, 2009.
- Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1988.
- Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
- Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi.
- Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi.
- Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
- Essentials of Pharmacognosy, Dr.SH.Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
- Practical Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae
- Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
Second Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise
Suggested readings
Recommend readings:
Recommended readings:
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Graves’ Disease: Understanding the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
The truth about GLP-1 and weight loss: Is it for everyone?
