Determinants of Health Social Pharmacy Notes, PDF Books, MCQ
Chapter 1 Notes Social Pharmacy
1.1 Definition and Scope. 1.2 Role of Pharmacists in Public Health. 1.3 Concept of Health -WHO Definition,
1.4 Dimensions of health, 1.5 Determinants of health, 1.6 Indicators of health. 1.7 National Health Policy–Indian perspective 1.8 Public and Private Health System in India, 1.9 National Health Mission 1.10 Introduction to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1.11 Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals 1.12 Introduction to FIP Development Goals.
Determinants of Health
Determinants of Health are:
A)Individual factors
i) Heredity
ii) Lifestyle
B) Environmental / surrounding factors
i) Internal
ii) External
iii) Micro / Domestic
Socioeconomic conditions
Health and Family welfare services ( Primary health care system )
C) Other factors:
i) Individual health factors: ( age, sex, race, rural or urban living, health facilities)
ii) Natural factors: ( air, soil, water, climate, rodents, insects, microorganisms etc.)
Individual factors
Heredity:
The state of health of an individual to some extent depends on his genetic makeup.
The genetic makeup of an individual is unique and it cannot be changed.
A number of diseases are of genetic origin.
Genetic defects can also lead to uncommon adverse drug reactions.
eg. Mental retardation, Diabetes, haemophilia etc.
Lifestyle:
It is the way people live.
It reflects the social values, attitudes and activities of an individual.
An individual learns lifestyle through parents, friends, school etc.
It is composed of cultural and behavioural patterns and lifelong personal habits like smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, poor hygiene, lack of cleanliness, improper food etc.
Health requires healthy lifestyles (balanced diet, enough sleep, and sufficient physical activity) Many diseases are associated with lifestyles. e.g. Obesity, heart diseases, diabetes.
Environmental / surrounding factors
The health of a person depends on the Internal environment and external environment.
Internal environment:
It refers to the coordinated, harmonious functions of every component (system) of the body, which is known as homeostasis in the body.
External environment:
refers to all the things in the surrounding of the individual to which he is exposed i.e. air, water etc. It includes the biological and social environments. E.g. person staying in polluted areas can develop some kind of health disorder like asthma.
Micro or domestic environment:
It includes the individual way of living and lifestyle.
The environment has a direct impact on the physical, mental and social well-being of those living in it. The environmental factors range from housing, water supply, family structure, stress etc. Socioeconomic conditions:
Health status is significantly determined by the socioeconomic levels which are primarily determined by, Economic status, Education, Occupation and Political system.
Socio-economic condition
Socio-economic conditions like per capita GNP, education, economic status, political system, employment, housing etc. have a great deal of influence on human health. Better economic status is a major factor in the reduction of morbidity, increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life.
Education improves the overall human attitude to health. It compensates for the effects of poverty on health. For example low mortality rate in Kerala due to the high literacy rate.
Occupation directly influences the economic status of a person.
The fourth economic condition influencing health is a political system of the country which is committed to providing improved health care by framing and implementing prior policies and by allocating necessary funds.
Health and Family welfare services:
The purpose of health services is to improve the health status of the population.
These services cover a wide spectrum of personal and community services for the treatment of disease, prevention of illness and promotion of health.
eg. (1) Immunization, general screening programmes for infectious diseases. Family planning programmes.
(2) Adequate supply of safe drinking water, proper sanitation.
Other factors
- These indicators reflect equity of distribution of health resources in different parts of the country and provision of health care. The important indicators are:
(1) Doctor – Population ratio
(2) Doctor – Nurse Ratio
(3) Population – bed ratio
(4) Population per health/ sub-centre
(5) Population per traditional birth attendant.
F Y D Pharm Notes, Books, Syllabus, PDF, Videos
