Indicators of health: Social Pharmacy Syllabus Notes PDF MCQ
Chapter 1 Notes Social Pharmacy
1.1 Definition and Scope. 1.2 Role of Pharmacists in Public Health. 1.3 Concept of Health -WHO Definition,
1.4 Dimensions of health, 1.5 Determinants of health, 1.6 Indicators of health. 1.7 National Health Policy–Indian perspective 1.8 Public and Private Health System in India, 1.9 National Health Mission 1.10 Introduction to Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 1.11 Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals 1.12 Introduction to FIP Development Goals.
Definition
These are all those changing factors that indicate or give the information and are required to access the health status of individuals and communities.
Characteristics of health indicators
- Validity
- Reliability
- Sensitivity
- Specificity
- Feasibility
- Relevaence
Types
Mortality indicators
Mortality Indicator:
It is the number of deaths per 1000 population per year, in a given particular area.
Mortality Indicators are :
a. Crude death rate :
it is defined as the number of deaths per 1000 population per year in a given community.
b. Infant Mortality Rate:
It is the number of deaths of infants per 1000 live births per year for a given particular area.
Or
Infant mortality indicator:
It is the ratio of deaths under one year of age in a given year to the total no. of birth in the same year, usually expressed as rather per 1000 live birth.
c. Expectancy of Life:
It is estimating an average number of years likely to be lived by a person if current age-specific mortality rates are applied.
d. Child mortality rate:
No. of deaths at age 1 to 4 years in a given year per 1000 children in that age group at the midpoint of the year concern.
e. Maternal mortality rate:
It indicates the proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age.
f. Disease-specific mortality:
These are the rates due to specific diseases. For e.g. mortality rate due to cancer, cardiovascular diseases etc.
g. Disability Rate Indicators:This tells about health status between disease and death, where it can be event type or person type indicator.
Morbidity indicators
It is status between health and death that actually tells about disease situations in the community. It is more sensitive than the mortality indicator.
The important morbidity indicators are:
OPD attendance rates
Hospital admissions,
Duration of stay in hospital and
Sickness absenteeism.
Disability rates
Nutritional status indicators
It is a positive health indicator that mainly considers anthropometric measurements (the scientific study of measurement and proportions of the human body) of pre-school children, children at school entrance age, and prevalence of low birth weight (less than 2.5 Kg).
Utilization rates
These indicate the extent to which health care facilities and services are used by the population in a particular area for a given time. It is influenced by individual additives, services availability and services accessibility.
Indicators of social and mental health
These are indirect indicators of which few examples are:
- suicide,
- murder,
- other violent act,
- crimes,
- road accidents,
- drug abuse,
- alcoholism,
- neglected youth,
- battered wife and battered children etc.
Environmental indicators
These mainly tell about the quality of the physical and biological environment; mainly concern with different pollutions, refuse, disposal, toxic food and drinks etc.
It covers the supply of safe and potable water and proper sanitation facilities to the population.
Socio economic indicators
Health policy indicators Quality of life indicators
F Y D Pharm Notes, Books, Syllabus, PDF, Videos
Suggested readings:
Manisha Yogesh Chaudhari is working as an Assistant Professor at Kokan Gyanpeeth’s Rahul Dharkar College of Pharmacy, Karjat, Maharashtra, India. She has worked with Pfizer and Flamingo Pharmaceuticals. She is actively involved in Books writing, Review, and research paper writing as well as actively involved in contributing towards academic literature
