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Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents

BP209P Biochemistry Practical / B Pharmacy Syllabus and Notes


The commonly encountered pathological chemical constituents of the urine are

PROTEIN: May be albumin or globulin

BLOOD:  Haemoglobin, Erythrocytes

REDUCING  SUGAR:  Usually  glucose  and  in  special  cases  lactose,  galactose, pentose and rarely fructose

KETONE BODIES: Acetone, aceto acetic acid

BILE  SALTS  &  BILE  PIGMENTS:  Sodium  and  potassium  salts  of  glycol/ taurcholic acids,Bilirubin

PORPHOBILINOGEN

UROBILINOGEN


TEST FOR PROTEIN

Heat coagulation test:

Principle:

Urine contains mainly albumin which is a heat coagulable protein

Procedure:

Fill ¾ of a test tube with the urine acidified with 2% acetic acid mix & heat the upper portion

Observation:

Coagulation occurs

Inference:

Presence of protein

Sulphosalicylic acid test:

Principle:

Protein is precipitated by Sulpho salicylic acid by removal of charges on the protein

Procedure:

To 5ml of urine, add 1ml of 20% Sulpho salicylic acid.

Observation:

A white precipitate is formed

Inference:

Presence of protein

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