Inflammatory bowel diseases
Definition
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the main types of IBD.
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammation of the rectal and sigmoid colon (40-50%) is called proctitis.
40% is left sided colitis.
20% is about extensive colitis.
Crohn’s disease
Inflammation of the ileum and caecum (ileo-caecal) region is about 40%.
30-40% inflammation in segments of small intestine cause skip lesions.
10% is perianal.
20% is Crohn’s colitis.
Symptoms
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding
Tenesmus
Fever, vomiting
Cramps and muscle spasm
Etiology
Genetics (anti microbial peptides).
Diet
Cytokine response
Smoking
NSAIDS
Stress
Diagnosis
Chronic diarrhoea lasts for More than 4 weeks.
Endoscopy
Biopsy
Treatment
Mesalazine therapy- which reduces acute inflammation.
Corticosteroids- for immune suppression
Fluids for dehydration
TNF alpha antagonists like infliximab, and adalimumab.
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