Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques

Detailed Syllabus Content:

Unit 1

a. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of UV- Visible spectroscopy.

b. IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling, Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier – Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors affecting vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy

c. Spectroflourimetry: Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence, Quenchers, Instrumentation and
Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.

d. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, Interferences and
Applications.

Unit 2

NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle, Instrumentation, Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.

Unit 3

Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy, Different types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI, APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy

Unit 4

Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic parameters, factors affecting resolution and applications of the following:
a) Paper chromatography
b) Thin Layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Column chromatography
e) Gas chromatography
f) High Performance Liquid chromatography
g) Affinity chromatography

Unit 5

a. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting separation and applications of the following:
a) Paper electrophoresis
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Capillary electrophoresis
d) Zone electrophoresis
e) Moving boundary electrophoresis
f) Iso electric focusing

b. X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray diffraction methods, Bragg‘s law, Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications of Xray diffraction