Preparation and standardization of Sodium hydroxide Standard solution
Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical: Limit test for (1) Chloride (2) Sulphate (3) Iron (4) Arsenic Preparation and standardisation of (1) Sodium hydroxide (2) Sulphuric acid (3) Sodium thiosulfate (4) Potassium permanganate (5) Ceric ammonium sulphate Assay (1) Ammonium chloride (2) Ferrous sulphate(3) Copper sulphate (4) Calcium gluconate (5) Hydrogen peroxide (6) Sodium benzoate (7) Sodium Chloride Determination of Normality (1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against a strong base (2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against a strong base (3) Potentiometric titration
Aim
To Prepare and standardize 0.1M Sodium hydroxide Standard solution
Principle
The standardization is based on the neutralization reaction between potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium hydroxide in equimolar concentration using phenolphthalein solution as an indicator. The endpoint is the appearance of permanent pale pink color.
Procedure
Preparation of 0.1M Sodium hydroxide Standard solution
Dissolve ____ g of sodium hydroxide in sufficient carbon dioxide-free water to produce 1000 ml.
Time needed: 20 minutes
Standardization of 0.1M Sodium hydroxide Standard solution
- Weigh potassium hydrogen phthalate
Weigh accurately about 0.5 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate, previously powdered and dried at 120° for 2 hours
- Dissolve in Water
Dissolve in 75 ml of carbon dioxide-free water
- Addition of phenolphthalein solution
Add 0.1 ml of phenolphthalein solution
- Titration with the sodium hydroxide solution
Titrate with the sodium hydroxide solution until a permanent pink color is produced.
Chemical Formula: Sodium hydroxide is commonly known as caustic soda and has the chemical formula NaOH. It consists of one sodium atom (Na), one oxygen atom (O), and one hydrogen atom (H).
Strong Base: Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic and strongly alkaline compound. It is classified as a strong base because it completely dissociates in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) that can react with acids.
Production: Sodium hydroxide is produced through the process of electrolysis of sodium chloride (common table salt) solution. This process is known as the chloralkali process.
Physical Properties: Sodium hydroxide is typically a white, odorless solid at room temperature. It is highly soluble in water, and its solutions are colorless and have a slippery feel.
Industrial Uses: Sodium hydroxide is widely used in various industries. It is commonly used in the production of soaps, detergents, and other cleaning agents. It is also used in the manufacture of paper, textiles, and petroleum products. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is employed in water treatment, food processing, and as a pH regulator in chemical processes.
Alkaline Properties: Sodium hydroxide has a high pH, usually around 14, making it a very strong alkaline substance. It can cause severe burns and is highly corrosive to skin, eyes, and other organic matter.
Common Household Uses: Sodium hydroxide is found in many household cleaning products, such as drain cleaners and oven cleaners. It is also used to make homemade soap or to adjust the pH levels in swimming pools.
Historical Significance: The production of sodium hydroxide in large quantities became feasible during the Industrial Revolution. It played a crucial role in the development of several industries, including soap-making, paper production, and textiles.
Safety Precautions: Sodium hydroxide should be handled with caution due to its corrosive nature. Protective clothing, gloves, and goggles should be worn when working with this chemical.
Chemical Reactions: Sodium hydroxide readily reacts with acids to form water and corresponding salts. It also reacts with metals, such as aluminum, producing hydrogen gas. These reactions are exothermic, releasing heat.
Reference:
Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2007, Volume1, Pg. no 316
Limit test Chlorides, Sulphate, Iron, Heavy metals * Identification tests for Anions and Cations * Prep. & std Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Permanganate * Assay Ferrous sulphate, Calcium gluconate, Sodium chloride, Ascorbic acid, Ibuprofen * Determination of Melting point & Boiling point * Preparation Benzoic acid from Benzamide, Picric acid from Phenol * Identification & purity test Aspirin, Caffeine
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