What is Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies to fight infection. In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells become cancerous and grow out of control in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue inside bones that produces blood cells.
Normal plasma cells
The cancerous plasma cells produce abnormal proteins called M proteins, which can damage the bones and kidneys. Multiple myeloma can also lead to anemia, a low red blood cell count, and a weakened immune system.
Symptoms of multiple myeloma:
- Bone pain, especially in the back and ribs
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Frequent infections
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Confusion
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
Risk factors
Multiple myeloma is a relatively uncommon cancer, but it is more common in older adults. The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but there are a number of risk factors, including:
- Age: Multiple myeloma is more common in people over 65
- Race: African Americans are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than whites
- Family history: Having a close relative with multiple myeloma increases your risk
- Obesity
- Exposure to certain chemicals, such as herbicides and radiation
Treatment
There is no cure for multiple myeloma, but there are treatments that can help control the disease and improve symptoms. Treatment options may include:
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells.
- Stem cell transplant: A stem cell transplant is a procedure that replaces unhealthy bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy drugs help the body’s immune system fight cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy drugs attack specific weaknesses in cancer cells.
If you are concerned that you may have multiple myeloma, it is important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of a successful outcome.
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