Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals of all ages, but is commonly diagnosed in children. It is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and social relationships.
Inattention in ADHD may manifest as difficulty focusing on tasks, forgetfulness, and disorganization. Hyperactivity may manifest as fidgeting, restlessness, and excessive talking, while impulsivity may lead to interrupting others, impulsive decision-making, and risk-taking behavior.
The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but research suggests that a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors may contribute to the disorder. ADHD is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment that includes a clinical interview, behavioral and symptom rating scales, and observations from family members, teachers, or other caregivers.
Treatment for ADHD may include medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. Stimulant medications like methylphenidate and amphetamines are commonly prescribed to help manage symptoms of ADHD by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Behavioral therapy may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, or parent training to help individuals with ADHD improve executive functioning and social skills.
With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.
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