Unit II Phytochemicals as nutraceuticals: Dietary supplements and Nutraceuticals
Occurrence and Characteristic Features:
- Flavones are a subclass of flavonoids found in various fruits, vegetables, and some herbs.
- They are distinguished by the presence of a double bond between positions 2 and 3 of the central C-ring in their chemical structure, and the absence of a ketone group (unlike flavonols).
- Here are some common dietary sources of flavones:
- Fruits (citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, grapefruits; peppers)
- Vegetables (celery, parsley, onions)
- Herbs (chamomile, mint, thyme)
- Some nuts and seeds (almonds)
- Certain grains (buckwheat)
- Specific examples of flavones include:
- Luteolin (found in celery, peppers, and green tea)
- Apigenin (found in parsley, chamomile, and grapefruit)
- Tangeretin (found in citrus peels)
Medicinal Benefits:
Research on the health benefits of flavones is ongoing, but here are some promising areas:
- Antioxidant Activity: Flavones, like other flavonoids, act as free radical scavengers, protecting cells from oxidative damage linked to chronic diseases.
- Anti-inflammatory Properties: Flavones might possess anti-inflammatory effects, potentially beneficial in managing conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, more research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms.
- Improved Bone Health: Some studies suggest flavones may play a role in bone health, although the exact mechanisms and effectiveness require further investigation.
- Neuroprotective Effects: Early research suggests flavones may have some neuroprotective properties, potentially aiding in cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, more studies are needed.
- Anti-Cancer Properties: Similar to other flavonoids, flavones have shown anti-cancer properties in laboratory studies, potentially inhibiting cancer cell growth. However, human trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Important Points to Consider:
- The bioavailability of flavones can vary depending on the food source and individual factors.
- Research on the specific health benefits of individual flavones is still developing. More studies are needed to determine their effectiveness for various conditions.
- Flavones are generally safe for consumption through dietary sources. However, limited information exists on the safety of high-dose supplements.
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