812ET Dietary supplements and Nutraceuticals
Unit II: Phytochemicals as Nutraceuticals
Flavonoids: Catechins
Occurrence and Characteristic Features:
- Catechins are a subclass of flavan-3-ols, a type of flavonoid found in various plants.
- They are particularly abundant in:
- Green tea (the most prominent source) – Especially high concentration in unoxidized green tea varieties like matcha and sencha.
- Other teas (black tea, oolong tea) – Lower content compared to green tea due to oxidation during processing.
- Fruits (apples, berries like cranberries and grapes)
- Red wine (in smaller amounts)
- Chemically, catechins possess a basic flavan-3-ol structure with a central flavan core and varying hydroxyl group arrangements. This structure contributes to their antioxidant properties.
- Catechin is a broad term encompassing several specific types, with the most prevalent in green tea being:
- Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) – The most abundant and well-studied catechin in green tea, exhibiting potent biological activity.
- Epicatechin (EC)
- Epigallocatechin (EGC)
- Catechin (C)
Medicinal Benefits:
Catechins, particularly EGCG from green tea, have been extensively researched for their potential health benefits. Here’s a closer look at some promising areas:
- Antioxidant Activity: Like other flavonoids, catechins are potent free radical scavengers, protecting cells from oxidative damage linked to chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. EGCG is a particularly powerful antioxidant within the catechin group.
- Improved Brain Function: Catechins, especially EGCG, may enhance cognitive function and memory by protecting brain cells from damage and promoting the growth of new neurons. However, more research is required to understand the long-term effects.
- Cardiovascular Health: Catechins might contribute to improved heart health by lowering bad cholesterol (LDL) and reducing blood pressure. However, the evidence from human trials is still developing.
- Weight Management: Some studies suggest catechins may promote weight management by increasing metabolism and fat burning. However, further research is needed to confirm these effects.
- Anti-Cancer Properties: Catechins have been shown to exhibit anti-cancer properties in laboratory studies, potentially inhibiting cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, human trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Important Points to Consider:
- The bioavailability of catechins, especially EGCG, can be variable depending on factors like tea brewing method and individual differences.
- Catechins can interact with certain medications, so it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional before taking high-dose green tea supplements.
- High doses of green tea supplements might cause side effects like stomach upset, constipation, and anxiety in some individuals.
Final Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise
Suggested readings:
About Author
