Types of joints movements and articulation

Types of joints movements and articulation

There are six main types of joint movements, each of which involves a specific type of articulation between bones in the human body:

1. Flexion: This movement decreases the angle between two bones, such as bending the elbow or knee.
2. Extension: This movement increases the angle between two bones, such as straightening the elbow or knee.
3. Abduction: This movement moves a bone away from the midline of the body, such as lifting the arm away from the side of the body.
4. Adduction: This movement moves a bone toward the midline of the body, such as lowering the arm to the side of the body.
5. Rotation: This movement involves rotating a bone around its axis, such as turning the head from side to side.
6. Circumduction: This movement involves a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, such as when drawing a circle with the arm.

These joint movements occur through different types of articulations between bones, including:

1. Hinge Joint: These joints allow for flexion and extension movements and occur where the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, such as in the elbow and knee.
2. Ball-and-Socket Joint: These joints allow for the greatest range of motion and occur where the rounded end of one bone fits into a cup-shaped depression of another, such as in the hip and shoulder.
3. Pivot Joint: These joints allow for rotation movements and occur where a ring-like structure rotates around a pivot, such as in the neck.
4. Condyloid Joint: These joints allow for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction movements and occur where an oval-shaped end of one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of another, such as in the wrist.
5. Saddle Joint: These joints allow for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction movements and occur where the concave and convex surfaces of two bones interlock, such as in the thumb.
6. Gliding Joint: These joints allow for slight movements and occur where the flat surfaces of two bones slide against each other, such as in the joints between the vertebrae of the spine.

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-I	F Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I Theory	BP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I Theory	BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I Theory	BP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Theory	BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills Theory	BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial Biology	BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics Theory	BP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology Practical	BP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical	BP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I Practical	BP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

Suggested readings:

• Structural and functional classification of Joints
• Types of bone
• Identification of bones: BP112RBP REMEDIAL BIOLOGY Practical
• Limit Test of Sulphate Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical, Lab Manual
• State and Joint state pharmacy councils: Pharmacy act