Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram

Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram

Blood pressure, pulse, and electrocardiogram (ECG) are all important indicators of heart health and function. They are regulated by a complex interplay of nervous, hormonal, and physiological factors.

1. Regulation of blood pressure: Blood pressure is regulated by the body’s autonomic nervous system, which controls the diameter of blood vessels and the force of heart contractions. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of adrenaline and other hormones that increase heart rate, constrict blood vessels, and raise blood pressure, while the parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, slowing heart rate and relaxing blood vessels. Hormones such as angiotensin and aldosterone also play a role in regulating blood pressure by influencing the kidneys’ retention of fluids and electrolytes.
2. Regulation of pulse: Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of arteries as blood is pumped through them by the heart. It is regulated by the heart’s electrical conduction system, which controls the timing and strength of heart contractions. The autonomic nervous system and hormones also influence pulse by affecting heart rate and the force of heart contractions.
3. Regulation of electrocardiogram: The ECG is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. It is regulated by the heart’s electrical conduction system, which generates electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscle to contract. The ECG can reveal abnormalities in the heart’s electrical activity, such as irregular heart rhythms, which can be indicative of underlying heart disease or other conditions.

In summary, blood pressure, pulse, and electrocardiogram are all important indicators of heart health and function, and they are regulated by a complex interplay of nervous, hormonal, and physiological factors. The autonomic nervous system, hormones, and the heart’s electrical conduction system all play important roles in regulating these vital signs. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, and ECG can help to detect and manage heart disease and other conditions.

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-I	F Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I Theory	BP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I Theory	BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I Theory	BP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Theory	BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills Theory	BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial Biology	BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics Theory	BP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology Practical	BP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical	BP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I Practical	BP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

Suggested readings:

• Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
• Physiology of muscle contraction
• Conduction system of heart regulation by the autonomic nervous system
• Anatomy of heart
• SOAP Note on Diabetes: Pharmacotherapeutics Practical