Methods to determine endpoint of potentiometric titration

Methods to determine endpoint of potentiometric titration

Potentiometric titration is a widely used method in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by adding a known concentration of a titrant solution until the equivalence point is reached. The endpoint of a potentiometric titration is the point at which the indicator changes color or the potential of the solution changes abruptly. Here are some common methods to determine the endpoint of a potentiometric titration:

1. Visual observation: The simplest way to determine the endpoint is by visually observing the solution. The solution changes color at the endpoint due to the addition of an indicator. This method is commonly used in acid-base titrations where pH indicators change color at specific pH values.
2. pH measurement: In some titrations, the pH of the solution changes abruptly at the endpoint. Therefore, measuring the pH of the solution with a pH meter can be an effective way to determine the endpoint.
3. Conductivity measurement: Conductivity measurements can be used to determine the endpoint of some types of titrations. The conductivity of the solution changes abruptly at the endpoint due to the formation of ions.
4. Potentiometric measurement: In a potentiometric titration, an electrode is used to measure the potential of the solution. The potential changes abruptly at the endpoint due to the formation of a complex or the neutralization of an acid or base.
5. Gran plot method: The Gran plot method is a graphical method used to determine the endpoint of a potentiometric titration. It involves plotting the volume of the titrant added against the potential or pH of the solution. The endpoint is determined by extrapolating the linear portions of the curve to the point where they intersect.

These methods can be used individually or in combination to determine the endpoint of a potentiometric titration. The choice of method depends on the type of titration and the properties of the solution being titrated.

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-I	F Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I Theory	BP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I Theory	BP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I Theory	BP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Theory	BP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills Theory	BP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial Biology	BP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics Theory	BP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology Practical	BP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I Practical	BP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I Practical	BP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

Suggested readings:

• Potentiometric titration of strong acid against a strong base Pharm Analysis
• Assay of Copper sulfate by Iodometry Pharmaceutical Analysis Lab
• Titration with potassium iodate: Redox titration
• Volhard’s method in Precipitation titrations
• Principles and applications of Dichrometry