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Efflorescent, Hygroscopic, and Deliquescent powders

Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Powders

Hygroscopic powders will absorb moisture from the air. Deliquescent powders will absorb moisture from the air to the extent that they will partially or wholly liquefy. These problems must be overcome for the powder to be acceptable to the patient and usable. The best approach is to dispense the ingredients in tight containers and incorporate a desiccant packet or capsule when necessary. The patient should be instructed to store the powder in a dry place in a tightly closed container. To lessen the extent of the problem, the compounding pharmacist can in some situations dilute the powder with an inert drying powder to reduce the amount of sur- face area exposed to the moisture.

Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Powders examples

Ammonium bromide, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium iodide, Calcium bromide, Calcium chloride, Ephedrine sulfate, Hydrastin hydrochloride, Hydrastine sulfate, Hyoscyamine hydrobromide, Hyoscyamine sulfate, Iron and ammonium citrate Lithium bromide, Pepsin, Phenobarbital sodium, Physostigmine hydrobromide, Physostigmine hydrochloride, Physostigmine sulfate, Pilocarpine alkaloid, Potassium acetate, Potassium citrate, Sodium bromide, Sodium iodide, Sodium nitrate, Zinc chloride

Efflorescent Powders

An efflorescent powder is a crystalline powder that contains water for hydration or crystallization. This water can be liberated either during manipulations or on exposure to a low-humidity environment. If this occurs, the powder will become sticky and pasty, or it may even liquefy. One approach is to use an anhydrous salt form of the drug, keeping in mind the potency differential between its anhydrous form and its hydrated form. Another method is to include a drying bulky powder and to use a light, noncom- pacting method of mixing the powders

Efflorescent Powders examples

Atropine sulfate, Caffeine, Calcium lactate, Citric acid, Cocaine, Codeine, Codeine phosphate, Codeine sulfate, Ferrous sulfate, Morphine acetate, Quinine bisulfate, Quinine hydrobromide, Quinine hydrochloride, Scopolamine hydrobromide, Sodium acetate, Sodium carbonate (decahydrate), Sodium phosphate, Strychnine sulfate, Terpin hydrate

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-IS Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I TheoryBP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I TheoryBP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I TheoryBP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry TheoryBP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills TheoryBP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial BiologyBP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics TheoryBP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology PracticalBP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I PracticalBP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I PracticalBP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

Suggested readings:

  • Roll on deodrant base ingredients

  • Use Aartificial Intelligence for optimisation of pharmaceutical formulation

  • Bayesian approch for optimisation of pharmaceutical formulation

https://youtu.be/fMRNcXa9gBo