February 19, 2025

Disorders of heart

Disorders of heart

There are many different types of disorders that can affect the heart, including:

  1. Coronary artery disease: This is a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, leading to a decreased blood flow to the heart. This can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and even a heart attack.
  2. Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Some arrhythmias are harmless, while others can be life-threatening.
  3. Heart failure: This is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This can cause fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs.
  4. Valve disorders: The heart has four valves that help to control the flow of blood through the heart. Disorders of the heart valves can cause the valves to become narrowed or leaky, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
  5. Cardiomyopathy: This is a group of conditions in which the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, leading to a decreased ability to pump blood effectively. This can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs.
  6. Congenital heart defects: These are structural abnormalities of the heart that are present at birth. They can range from mild to severe, and can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis (blueness of the skin).
  7. Pericardial disease: This is a condition in which the sac that surrounds the heart becomes inflamed, leading to symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

There are many other types of heart disorders, and the symptoms and treatments for each can vary. It’s important to see a doctor if you experience any symptoms of a heart disorder, as early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

First Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

F Y B Pharm Sem-IF Y B Pharm Sem-II
BP101T Human Anatomy and Physiology I TheoryBP201T Human Anatomy and Physiology II – Theory
BP102T Pharmaceutical Analysis I TheoryBP202T Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Theory
BP103T Pharmaceutics I TheoryBP203T Biochemistry – Theory
BP104T Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry TheoryBP204T Pathophysiology – Theory
BP105T Communication skills TheoryBP205T Computer Applications in Pharmacy Theory
BP106RBT Remedial BiologyBP206T Environmental sciences – Theory
BP106RMT Remedial Mathematics TheoryBP207P Human Anatomy and Physiology II Practical
BP107P Human Anatomy and Physiology PracticalBP208P Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I Practical
BP108P Pharmaceutical Analysis I PracticalBP209P Biochemistry Practical
BP109P Pharmaceutics I PracticalBP210P Computer Applications in Pharmacy Practical
BP110P Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Practical
BP111P Communication skills Practical
BP112RBP Remedial Biology Practical

Suggested readings: