Covid 19 Epidemiology Symptoms Prevention Control
Epidemiology:
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease.
The majority of those infected with the virus will have mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and will recover without the need for medical attention. Some, on the other hand, will become critically unwell and require medical assistance. People who are older or have underlying medical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more prone to become seriously ill. COVID-19 can make anyone sick and cause them to get very ill or die at any age.
Being thoroughly informed on the disease and how it spreads is the best strategy to avoid and slow down transmission. Stay at least 1 meter away from people, wear a well-fitted mask, and wash your hands or use an alcohol-based rub periodically to protect yourself and others from infection. When it’s your turn, get vaccinated and follow local advice.
When an infected person coughs, sneezes speaks, sings, or breathes, the virus spreads in microscopic liquid particles from their mouth or nose. Larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols are among the particles. If you are sick, it is critical to adopt respiratory etiquette, such as coughing into a flexed elbow and to stay at home and self-isolate until you heal.
Stay informed:
Advice for the public
Mythos
Questions and answers
Situation reports ( current numbers)
All information on the COVID-19 outbreak
Symptoms :
COVID-19 affects different people in different ways most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization
Most common symptoms:
- Fever or chills
- Cough
- Muscle or body aches
- Anorexia
- Sore throat
- Nasal congestion or runny nose
- Headache
- Diarrhoea
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Loss of smell or taste
Serious symptoms:
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath loss of speech or mobility, or confusion
- Chest pain.
- Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms. call before visiting your doctor or health facility.
Incubation period:
People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should manage their symptoms at home. On average it takes 5-6 days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show. However, it can take up to 14 days.
Transmission :
There are three main ways that COVID-19 can spread:
- By breathing in air carrying droplets or aerosol particles that contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus when close to an infected person or in poorly ventilated spaces with infected persons
- By having droplets and particles that contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus land on the eyes, nose, or mouth – especially through splashes and sprays like a cough or sneeze
- By touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with hands that have the SARS-CoV-2 virus particles on them
Prevention and Control:
Standard precautions include:
- Hand hygiene
- Personal protective equipment
- Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
- Cleaning and disinfection of devices and environmental surfaces
- Safe injection practices
- Medication storage and handling
Healthcare workers should:
- Use a medical mask (at least a surgical/medical mask)
- Wear eye protection (goggles) or facial protection (face shield)
- Wear a clean, non-sterile, long-sleeve gown
- Use gloves
To prevent infection and to slow transmission of COVID-19, do the following:
- Get vaccinated, when a vaccine (Covexin, Covishield, etc) is available to you.
- Stay at least 1 meter apart from others, even if they don’t appear to be sick.
- Wear a properly fitted mask when physical distancing is not possible or when in poorly ventilated settings.
- Choose open, well-ventilated spaces over closed ones. Open a window indoors.
- Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or clean them with an alcohol-based hand rub.
- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- If you feel unwell, stay home and self-isolate until you recover.
F Y D Pharm & S Y D Pharm Notes, Books, Syllabus, PDF, Videos
Suggested readings
Recommended readings:
Performance Monitoring and Updates in AI-Enabled Medical Devices: FDA’s Guiding Principles
Lifecycle Management in AI-Enabled Medical Devices: FDA’s Comprehensive Framework
Data Management in AI-Enabled Medical Devices: Key to Safety and Effectiveness
