Cell and its biochemical organization: Medicinal Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. In the context of the cell, biochemistry involves understanding the chemical reactions and processes that occur within cells, as well as the biochemical organization of cells and their components.
Cells are the basic units of life, and they are highly organized structures that are composed of many different components. These components include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, and various macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
The plasma membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell, separating the cell from its environment. The plasma membrane is composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, and it plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
The cytoplasm is the region of the cell that lies between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It contains many different structures and organelles, including the cytoskeleton, which provides the cell with its shape and helps it move, and the ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell, and it contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. The nucleus also contains the nucleolus, which is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomes.
Mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for producing energy for the cell in the form of ATP. They have their own DNA and are capable of self-replication.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes that is responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins and lipids. There are two types of ER: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of membrane proteins and secreted proteins, and smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and other toxins.
The Golgi apparatus is a stack of membranes that is involved in the processing, sorting, and secretion of proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.
Peroxisomes are organelles that contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and other molecules.
Proteins are macromolecules that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including enzymatic reactions, structural support, and communication between cells.
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are macromolecules that carry genetic information and are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
Carbohydrates are macromolecules that are involved in energy storage and cellular communication.
Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules that are involved in energy storage, membrane structure, and cellular signaling.
Overall, the organization of the cell and its components is highly complex and tightly regulated, and the biochemical processes that occur within cells are critical for the survival and function of the organism as a whole.
First Year Pharm D Subjects Syllabus, Notes, PDF Books, MCQ
| 1.1 | Human Anatomy and Physiology |
| 1.2 | Pharmaceutics |
| 1.3 | Medicinal Biochemistry |
| 1.4 | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry |
| 1.5 | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry |
| 1.6 | Remedial Mathematics/ Biology |
