Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Two-level factorials are a popular experimental design technique to study the effects of several factors on a response variable. In a two-level factorial design, each factor is assigned two levels, typically coded as -1 and +1, and experiments are conducted at all possible combinations of the levels of the factors.

One way to improve the efficiency of a two-level factorial design is to use blocking and confounding. Blocking involves dividing the experimental units into homogeneous groups, or blocks, based on a characteristic that is expected to influence the response variable. This helps to reduce the variability in the response variable and increases the precision of the estimated effects of the factors.

Confounding involves combining two or more factors in a single term, known as a confounding term, in the statistical model used to analyze the data. By doing this, the effects of the confounded factors cannot be estimated separately, but the reduction in the number of experimental runs required can be significant.

Steps:

Steps to apply blocking and confounding to a two-level factorial design:

1. Identify the blocking factor: Choose a factor that is expected to influence the response variable and group the experimental units accordingly.
2. Randomize the order of the runs within each block: This helps to reduce the effect of any extraneous factors that may be present within the block.
3. Create the confounding matrix: This involves combining certain factors in a confounding term so that the effects of the confounded factors cannot be estimated separately. The confounding matrix can be generated using software or manually.
4. Conduct the experiment: Conduct the experiment according to the design matrix, making sure to randomize the order of the runs within each block.
5. Analyze the data: Use the statistical model to analyze the data and estimate the effects of the factors. The confounding term is included in the model to account for the effects of the confounded factors.

By using blocking and confounding, it is possible to reduce the number of experimental runs required for a two-level factorial design, while still maintaining the precision of the estimated effects of the factors. This can result in significant savings in time and resources.

Final Year B Pharm Notes, Syllabus, Books, PDF Subjectwise/Topicwise

Final Year B Pharm Sem VII	BP701T Instrumental Methods of Analysis Theory
BP702T Industrial Pharmacy Theory	BP703T Pharmacy Practice Theory
BP704T Novel Drug Delivery System Theory	BP705 P Instrumental Methods of Analysis Practical
Final Year B Pharm Sem VII	BP801T Biostatistics and Research Methodology Theory
BP802T Social and Preventive Pharmacy Theory	BP803ET Pharmaceutical Marketing Theory
BP804ET Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science Theory	BP805ET Pharmacovigilance Theory
BP806ET Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals Theory	BP807ET Computer-Aided Drug Design Theory
BP808ET Cell and Molecular Biology Theory	BP809ET Cosmetic Science Theory
BP810ET Experimental Pharmacology Theory	BP811ET Advanced Instrumentation Techniques Theory
BP812ET Dietary supplements and Nutraceuticals	Pharmaceutical Product Development

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